What is the concept of expropriation?

Expropriation refers to the process where a governmental authority takes private property for public use, usually for projects such as infrastructure development, urban planning, or other public works. The key aspect of expropriation is that it is a compulsory action, meaning that the property owner does not voluntarily sell their property; instead, the authority asserts its right to acquire the land necessary for the public interest.

To balance this involuntary transfer, the law typically requires that the property owner receive fair compensation, reflecting the market value of the property taken. This compensation is essential to ensure that the rights of the property owner are considered and that they are not unfairly deprived of their assets without due process.

In contrast, the other choices do not accurately capture the essence of expropriation. For example, a voluntary sale of property for personal gain suggests a completely different scenario where the property owner willingly sells their asset. Granting property rights to multiple owners relates to concepts of co-ownership, which doesn't apply to the state's ability to take over land. Lastly, establishing easements for public access pertains to rights allowing specific uses of a property without transferring ownership, which is again distinct from the notion of expropriation.